@article{oai:dwcla.repo.nii.ac.jp:00002244,
 author = {朱, 捷 and ZHU, Jie},
 journal = {総合文化研究所紀要, Bulletin of Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies of Culture Doshisha Women’s College of Liberal Arts},
 month = {Jul},
 note = {application/pdf, AN10052143-20210820-107, The Chinese character luan (亂) bears two contradictory meanings: “chaos” and “order.” Scholar and commentator Guo Pu (郭璞, 276-324) was the first to note the phenomenon of a single character possessing two diametrically opposed meanings. Over the centuries, theories about the phenomenon have proliferated, a debate which has given rise to the scholarly term fanxun (反訓, enantiosemy).
Those who resist the concept of fanxun claim that these contradictory meanings are more recently accreted additions that result from the process of jiajie (仮借, phonetic borrowing) rather than meanings that inhere in the character from the start. Supporters of the idea of fanxun -- especially contemporary supporters -- attempt to parse the contradictory meanings as a dialectical conflict.
In contrast to these viewpoints, the present paper advances two claims. The first is that, when taking into account the conventions of character creation and the history of character development, the phenomenon of a single character bearing two diametrically opposed meanings is the result of the phenomena of zhuanzhu (転注, derivative cognates) and jiajie (仮借, phonetic borrowing). That is, this paper asserts, even if one accepts the claim that the second, contradictory meaning was a later accretion through the process of jiajie, the conventions of character creation make the appearance of fanxun inevitable. Meanwhile, zhuanzhu and jiajie are conventions of character creation that work to increase the number of characters and the meanings that they bear, and both are based in the same sources of sound and meaning.
From this foundation, the paper offers an additional formulation: “opposite meanings, intimately entwined (相反相因, xiangfan xiangyin).” That is, the paper asserts that a character that bears diametrically opposed meanings is not to be understood as a dialectic, but as “opposite meanings, intimately entwined” (i.e., contradictions which exist in intimate relation to each other) -- an understanding of the phenomenon that is characteristically Chinese., 論文},
 pages = {107--122},
 title = {反訓にみる「相反相因」について},
 volume = {38},
 year = {2021},
 yomi = {シュ, ショウ}
}